Small Business Income Tax Calculator

Our business income tax calculator is a great online calculator that can give you detail of how much personal tax you will have to pay in taxes at the end of the year. This can help you budget all year long so that paying your estimated taxes is quick and easy.

Our income tax calculator uses the latest information provided by the IRS including changes due to tax reform for 2023 taxes. So try this free calculator today!

business income tax calculator

What is Income Tax

Taxes collected by the government from businesses and individuals throughout the year are known as income taxes. Tax amount depends on how much you earn per year. High income means higher tax

The IRS (Internal Revenue Service) collects your income taxes, which are then used to fund a variety of public services — from education and transportation to medical research and military spending.

Who pays income tax

Individual income taxes are those paid by workers and other people whose income is not only levied on them. However, corporations, trusts, estates and many other types of entities also pay income tax on their profits.

In addition to the federal income tax system, most states impose a similar form of taxation on individuals and entities that have a significant connection to the state.

IRS collected tax in 2021

Individual income taxes are the federal government’s primary source of revenue, according to the Congressional Budget Office. Individuals are estimated to pay $1.66 trillion in income taxes in 2021, accounting for 48% percent of total federal revenue. Corporate income taxes accounted for another $370 billion, or 9% of total government revenue. 

Because each state imposes different tax rates and has additional sources of revenue such as sales taxes, property taxes, and federal assistance, the amount of revenue generated by income taxes can vary substantially at the state level.

Types of Income Tax

  • Individual Income Tax
  • Business Income Taxes
  • State and Local Income Tax

Individual Income Tax

A personal income tax is a tax imposed on an individual’s wages, salaries, investments, or other forms of income.

Forty-two states impose a tax on the income of individuals, sometimes referred to as personal income tax. All states that impose an individual income tax allow most business deductions.

However, some states have reciprocity agreements with one or more other states that allow income earned in another state to be taxed in the earner’s state of residence.

The U.S. imposes a progressive income tax where rates increase with income. The Internal Service Revenue (IRS) offers a series of deductions, based on mortgage interest, a percentage of medical and dental bills, education expenditures, and many other expenditures.

Business Income Tax

The earnings of businesses are also subject to income taxes. Small businesses, self-employed contractors, partnerships, and corporations must pay income tax depending on their earnings.

However, C corporations pay income tax at the corporate rate. These entities report their revenue and then subtract capital and operating expenses depending on their business structures. All businesses have to file an annual income tax return. 

State Income Tax

State income taxation is a tax paid on the income earned in a particular state, which varies widely from state to state. It is similar to a federal income tax, but state income tax generally funds state budgets rather than the federal government.

State income tax rates vary widely from state to state. Such citizens are allowed a credit for taxes paid to different states. Most states tax the income of nonresidents earned within the state. 

  • States With Progressive Income Taxes

Each state sets their own tax rates and tax brackets, so if you live in one of the 32 states with a progressive tax structure, pay attention to which tax bracket and tax rate you fall into for your state.

If you live in Hawaii, you could fall into one of 12 different tax brackets with tax rates between 1.4% and 11%. But Louisiana has just three tax brackets with tax rates between 2% and 6%. Think wisely while migrating from one state to another.

  • States With Flat Income Taxes

There are nine states that keep things simple. Really simple. They have a flat tax rate­. That means it doesn’t matter how much or how little you earn—you’re taxed at the same rate as everyone else.

Flat Income Tax Example:

Let’s take a look at the Kentucky , which has a flat 5% tax on income. If you made $50,000 last year and your colleague made $500,000, the state of Kentucky will tax both of you at 5%.

Here are the nine states that have a flat income tax structure:

  1. Colorado
  2. Illinois
  3. Indiana
  4. Kentucky
  5. Massachusetts
  6. Michigan
  7. North Carolina
  8. Pennsylvania
  9. Utah
  • States With No Income Tax

The lack of an income tax is not to say that the citizens of these states don’t pay any tax to the state—residents in each of these states have to pay a variety of other taxes. Then these are eight states that do not levy any income taxes at all! The following are the eight states :

  1. Nevada
  2. Washington
  3. South Dakota
  4. Florida
  5. Alaska
  6. Texas
  7. Wyoming
  8. Tennessee
  9. New Hampshire

Note: New Hampshire doesn’t tax regular income but does tax any money you make from interest and dividends from your investments.

How to calculate Income Tax

Which tax bracket (income range) you’re in determines your tax rate (the percentages of your income that you pay in taxes). The tax rates and brackets for the 2023 tax year are listed below.

Tax Rate Single FilerMarried, Filing Jointly/Qualified window(er)Married, Filing SeparatelyHead of Household
10%$0 to $10,275$0 to $20,550$0 to $10,275$0 to $14,650
12%$10,275 to $41,775$20,550 to $83,550$10,276 to $41,775$14,650 to $55,900
22%$41,775 to $89,075$83,550 to $178,150$41,776 to $89,075$55,900 to $89,050
24%$89,075 to $170,050$178,150 to $340,100$89,076 to $170,050$89,050 to $170,050
32%$170,050 to $215,950$340,100 to $431,900$170,051 to $215,950$170,050 to $215,950
35%$215,950 to $539,900$431,900 to $647,850$215,951 to $323,925$215,950 to $539,900
37%$539,900 or more$647,850 or more$332,927 or more$539,900 or more

Filing status

The income levels for your Federal tax rates are determined by your filing status. It’s also used to figure out your standard deduction, personal exemptions, and a variety of deduction and credit phaseout income ranges. Select a filing status.

  • Single Filer

This status should be used if you are divorced, legally separated, or unmarried as of the end of the year.

  • Married, Filing Jointly or Qualified window(er)

You can file a joint return with your spouse if you are married. You can still file a joint return for that year if your spouse died during the tax year. Under the status “Married Filing Separately,” you can also choose to file separately.

  • Married, Filing Separately

You have the option of filing separate returns if you are married. This option’s filing status is “Married Filing Separately.”

  • Head of Household

This is the status of unmarried people who pay more than half the expense of maintaining a home. If you’re married but haven’t lived with your spouse for the last six months of the year, you can pick this status. You must also contribute more than half of the cost of maintaining your home and have at least one dependent child.

Income Tax calculation Example

Mr. Stephen earns $150,000 a year in salary, with $18500 and $3000 short-term capital gains and long-term capital gains respectively. 

Mr. Stephen Gross income would be total $171,500

According to IRS guidelines taxes amount that deducted 

State and local taxes = $12,000

Charitable contributions = $2,000

Personal exemptions for person, his spouse and two children = $4,050

Income Tax Formula

Income Tax = Gross Total Income – Total Exemptions – Total Deductions

Income Tax = $171,500 – $4050 – $26150

Income Tax = $141,300


Why Income Tax is so important

Income Tax is one of the major sources of revenue for the Government, which is thereafter used to fund public services, payment of government obligations and provide goods and services to citizens. For the prosperity of the nation, the government spent a huge volume of income on public sector development like improving the education sector, providing public transportation, disaster relief etc.

Pro Tips: Learn how to create an income statement with our free to download income statement templates.